Simon and Garfunkel Together Again 2011

American folk music duo

Simon & Garfunkel
Fine art Garfunkel (left) and Paul Simon performing in Dublin, 1982
Background information
Too known equally	Tom & Jerry (1956–1964)
Origin	New York City, New York, U.S.
Genres	Folk rock[i]
Years active	1956–1970 1972 1975–1977 1981–1984 1990 1993 2003–2005 2007–2010
Labels	Columbia
Website	simonandgarfunkel.com
Past members	Paul Simon Fine art Garfunkel

Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk rock duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and vocalist Fine art Garfunkel. They were one of the best-selling music groups of the 1960s, and their biggest hits—including "The Sound of Silence" (1965), "Mrs. Robinson" (1968), "The Boxer" (1969), and "Bridge over Troubled H2o" (1970)—reached number ane on singles charts worldwide.

Simon and Garfunkel met in elementary schoolhouse in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize and began writing songs. Every bit teenagers, under the name Tom & Jerry, they had minor success with "Hey Schoolgirl" (1957), a vocal imitating their idols, the Everly Brothers. In 1963, enlightened of a growing public interest in folk music, they regrouped and were signed to Columbia Records as Simon & Garfunkel. Their debut, Wednesday Morning time, 3 A.Yard., sold poorly; Simon returned to a solo career, this time in England. In June 1965, a new version of "The Sound of Silence" overdubbed with electrical guitar and drums became a United states of america AM radio hit, reaching number ane on the Billboard Hot 100. The duo reunited to release a second studio album, Sounds of Silence, and bout colleges nationwide. On their third release, Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966), they assumed more than artistic control. Their music was featured in the 1967 film The Graduate, giving them further exposure. Their next anthology Bookends (1968) topped the Billboard 200 chart^[two] and included the number-one single "Mrs. Robinson" from the film.

Simon and Garfunkel had a troubled relationship, leading to artistic disagreements and their breakup in 1970. Their final studio album, Span over Troubled Water, was released that January, becoming one of the world's acknowledged albums. After their breakup, Simon released a number of acclaimed albums, including 1986's Graceland.^[3] Garfunkel released solo hits such equally "All I Know" and briefly pursued an acting career, with leading roles in the Mike Nichols films Grab-22 and Carnal Knowledge and in Nicolas Roeg'southward 1980 Bad Timing. The duo have reunited several times; their 1981 concert in Central Park attracted more than 500,000 people, one of the largest concert attendances in history.^{[4] [five]}

Simon & Garfunkel won 10 Grammy Awards and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.^[6] Richie Unterberger described them equally "the about successful folk-rock duo of the 1960s" and one of the about popular artists from the decade.^[i] They are amidst the best-selling music artists, having sold more than 100 one thousand thousand records.^[seven] They were ranked 40th on Rolling Stone'due south 2010 list of the Greatest Artists of All Fourth dimension^[eight] and third on its listing of the greatest duos.^[9]

History [edit]

1953–1956: Early years [edit]

Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel grew up in the 1940s and 1950s in their predominantly Jewish neighborhood of Kew Gardens Hills in Queens, New York, three blocks abroad from one some other. They attended the same schools: Public Schoolhouse 164 in Kew Gardens Hills, Parsons Junior Loftier School, and Forest Hills High School.^{[10] [11]} They were both fascinated by music; both listened to the radio and were taken with rock and ringlet every bit it emerged, particularly the Everly Brothers.^[12] Simon first noticed Garfunkel when Garfunkel was singing in a quaternary course talent evidence, which Simon thought was a skilful way to concenter girls; he hoped for a friendship, which started in 1953, when they appeared in a sixth grade adaptation of Alice in Wonderland.^{[11] [13]} They formed a streetcorner doo-wop group chosen the Peptones with 3 friends and learned to harmonize.^{[14] [fifteen]} They began performing as a duo at school dances.^[16]

Simon and Garfunkel moved to Forest Hills Loftier School,^[17] where in 1956 they wrote their commencement song, "The Girl for Me"; Simon's male parent sent a handwritten copy to the Library of Congress to register a copyright.^[16] While trying to recall the lyrics to the Everly Brothers song "Hey Doll Baby", they wrote "Hey Schoolgirl", which they recorded for $25 at Sanders Recording Studio in Manhattan.^[18] While recording they were overheard by promoter Sid Prosen, who signed them to his independent label Large Records after speaking to their parents. They were both fifteen.^[19]

1957–1964: From Tom & Jerry and early recordings [edit]

1957 publicity photo of Simon & Garfunkel as Tom & Jerry

Under Big Records, Simon and Garfunkel causeless the name Tom & Jerry; Garfunkel named himself Tom Graph, a reference to his interest in mathematics, and Simon Jerry Landis, after the surname of a girl he had dated. Their outset single, "Hey Schoolgirl", was released with the B-side "Dancin' Wild" in 1957.^{[13] [20]} Prosen, using the payola system, bribed DJ Alan Freed $200 to play the single on his radio show, where it became a nightly staple.^[21] "Hey Schoolgirl" attracted regular rotation on nationwide AM pop stations, leading it to sell over 100,000 copies and to land on Billboard 's charts at number 49.^[21] Prosen promoted the grouping heavily, getting them a headlining spot on Dick Clark's American Bandstand aslope Jerry Lee Lewis.^[22] Simon and Garfunkel shared approximately $four,000 from the vocal – earning two per centum each from royalties, the rest staying with Prosen.^[23] They released two more singles on Big Records ("Our Song" and "That's My Story") neither of them successful.^{[18] [24] [25]}

After graduating from Woods Hills High School in 1958,^[26] the pair continued their instruction should a music career not unfold. Simon studied English at Queens College, City University of New York, and Garfunkel studied architecture before switching to art history at Columbia College, Columbia Academy.^{[20] [27] [28]} While notwithstanding with Large Records as a duo, Simon released a solo single, "True or False", under the name "True Taylor".^[23] This upset Garfunkel, who regarded it as a betrayal; the emotional tension from the incident occasionally surfaced throughout their human relationship.^[29]

Simon and Garfunkel continued recording equally solo artists: Garfunkel composed and recorded "Private World" for Octavia Records, and—under the proper name Artie Garr—"Beat Love" for Warwick; Simon recorded with the Mystics and Tico and the Triumphs, and wrote and recorded nether the names Jerry Landis and Paul Kane.^{[24] [29] [30]} Simon also wrote and performed demos for other artists, working for a while with Carole Male monarch and Gerry Goffin.^{[24] [31]}

Later on graduating in 1963, Simon joined Garfunkel, who was still at Columbia University, to perform again as a duo, this time with a shared interest in folk music.^{[32] [30]} Simon enrolled part-time in Brooklyn Police School.^[33] By late 1963, billing themselves as Kane & Garr, they performed at Gerde's Folk City, a Greenwich club that hosted Mon night open mic performances.^[34] They performed three new songs—"Sparrow", "He Was My Brother", and "The Audio of Silence"—and attracted the attending of Columbia Records staffer Tom Wilson, a prominent A&R human and producer (who would afterward become a key architect of Bob Dylan's transition from folk to rock).^{[35] [36]} As a "star producer" for the characterization, he wanted to record "He Was My Brother" with a new British act, the Pilgrims.^[37] Simon convinced Wilson to let him and Garfunkel audience in the studio, where they performed "The Sound of Silence". At Wilson'south urging, Columbia signed them.^[37]

Simon & Garfunkel'due south debut studio album, Midweek Morning, 3 A.M., produced past Wilson, was recorded over three sessions in March 1964 and released in Oct.^[38] It contains five compositions past Simon, three traditional folk songs, and four folk-influenced singer-songwriter songs.^{[ clarification needed ] [38]} Simon was adamant that they would no longer use stage names.^[39] Columbia set up a promotional showcase at Folk Metropolis on March 31, 1964, the duo'southward get-go public concert as Simon & Garfunkel.^[39]

1964–1965: Simon in England; Garfunkel in higher [edit]

Wednesday Morning, three A.G. sold merely 3,000 copies on release. Simon moved to England,^[xl] where he toured small folk clubs and befriended folk artists such as Bert Jansch, Martin Carthy, Al Stewart, and Sandy Denny.^{[41] [42] [43]} He also met Kathy Chitty, who became the object of his affection and is the Kathy in "Kathy's Song" and "America".^[44]

A modest music publishing visitor, Lorna Music, licensed "Carlos Dominguez", a single Simon had recorded two years prior as Paul Kane, for a cover by Val Doonican that sold well.^[45] Simon visited Lorna to give thanks them, and the meeting resulted in a publishing and recording contract. He signed to the Oriole label and released "He Was My Brother" as a single.^[45] Simon invited Garfunkel to stay for the summer of 1964.^[45]

Near the end of the season, Garfunkel returned to Columbia for class.^[46] Simon likewise returned to the US, and resumed his studies at Brooklyn Constabulary School for one semester, partially at his parents' insistence. He returned to England in Jan 1965, now sure that music was his calling.^[47] In the meantime, his landlady, Judith Piepe, had compiled a tape from his work at Lorna and sent it to the BBC in hopes they would play it.^[47] The demos aired on the Five to Ten morning bear witness, and were instantly successful. Oriole had folded into CBS by that point, and hoped to record a new Simon album.^[48]

Simon recorded his first solo album, The Paul Simon Songbook, in June 1965, featuring future Simon & Garfunkel staples including "I Am a Rock" and "April Come up She Will". CBS flew Wilson over to produce the tape, and he stayed at Simon'due south apartment.^[48] The anthology was released in August; although sales were poor, Simon felt content with his hereafter in England.^[49] Garfunkel graduated in 1965, returning to Columbia Academy to practise a master'south caste in mathematics.^{[28] [50]}

1965–1966: Mainstream breakthrough and success [edit]

In the The states, Dick Summer, a belatedly-night DJ at WBZ in Boston, played "The Sound of Silence"; information technology became popular with a higher audience.^[51] It was picked up the next 24-hour interval along the East Coast of the Us. When Wilson heard about this new moving ridge of involvement, he took inspiration from the success of the folk-rock hybrid that he had created with Dylan in "Like a Rolling Rock" and crafted a stone remix of "Sound of Silence" using studio musicians.^[52] The remix was issued in September 1965, and it eventually reached the Billboard Hot 100.^[53] Wilson did not inform the duo of his program, and Simon was "horrified" when he starting time heard it.^[53]

By January 1966, "The Sound of Silence" had topped the Hot 100, selling over 1 million copies.^[54] Simon reunited with Garfunkel in New York, leaving Chitty and his friends in England backside. CBS demanded a new anthology to exist chosen Sounds of Silence to ride the wave of the hit.^[55] Recorded in three weeks and consisting of rerecorded songs from The Paul Simon Songbook plus iv new tracks, Sounds of Silence was rush-released in mid-January 1966, peaking at number 21 Billboard Top LPs chart.^[56] A week later, "Homeward Bound" was released as a single, entering the The states top x, followed by "I Am a Rock" peaking at number 3.^[56] The duo supported the recordings with a nationwide bout of the United states of america including a functioning during the offset Spring Weekend of the University of Massachusetts Boston where the duo was the headline act.^[57] CBS connected its promotion by re-releasing Wed Morning, 3 A.M., which charted at number xxx.^[58] Despite the success, the duo was derided by some critics as a manufactured imitation of folk music.^[56]

Since they considered The Sounds of Silence a "blitz job" to capitalize on their sudden success, Simon & Garfunkel spent more than time crafting the follow-upwards. It was the get-go fourth dimension Simon insisted on total control in aspects of recording.^[59] Work began in 1966 and took 9 months.^[threescore] Garfunkel considered the recording of "Scarborough Fair" to be the indicate at which they stepped into the function of producer, as they were constantly abreast engineer Roy Halee mixing.^[60] Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme was issued in October 1966, following the release of several singles and sold-out college campus shows.^[61] The duo resumed their higher circuit tour eleven days later on, crafting an image that was described equally "alienated", "weird", and "poetic".^[62] Manager Mort Lewis also was responsible for this public perception, as he withheld them from television appearances unless they were allowed to play an uninterrupted set up or choose the setlist.^[62] Simon, and then 26, felt he had "made it" into an upper echelon of rock and roll while retaining artistic integrity; according to his biographer Marc Eliot, this made him "spiritually closer to Bob Dylan than to, say, Bobby Darin".^[63] The duo chose William Morris as their booking agency after a recommendation from Wally Amos, too a friend of Wilson's.^[63]

During the sessions for Parsley, Simon and Garfunkel recorded "A Hazy Shade of Wintertime"; it was released equally a single, peaking at number 13 on the national charts.^[60] "At the Zoo", recorded for a unmarried release in early 1967,^{[ description needed ]} charted at number xvi.^[64] Simon began work for their next album around this fourth dimension, telling High Fidelity he was no longer interested in singles.^[65] He developed writer'southward cake, which prevented the duo from releasing an album in 1967.^[66] Many other successful artists at the time were expected to release two or 3 albums each year, and the lack of productivity worried Columbia executives.^[65] Amid concerns for Simon's credible idleness, Columbia Records chairman Clive Davis arranged for up-and-coming producer John Simon to kick-showtime the recording.^[67] Simon was distrustful of label executives; on one occasion, he and Garfunkel recorded a coming together with Davis, who was giving a "fatherly talk" on speeding upwards production, to laugh at it later.^[68] The rare tv appearances at this time saw the duo performing on network broadcasts equally The Ed Sullivan Prove, The Mike Douglas Show, and The Andy Williams Show in 1966, and twice on The Smothers Brothers Comedy 60 minutes in 1967.^{[ citation needed ]}

Meanwhile, managing director Mike Nichols, then filming The Graduate, had become fascinated with Simon & Garfunkel's records, listening to them extensively earlier and after filming.^[69] He met Davis to ask for permission to license Simon & Garfunkel music for his pic. Davis viewed it as a perfect fit and envisioned a bestselling soundtrack album.^[63] Simon was not as receptive and was cautious of "selling out". However, after meeting Nichols and being impressed by his wit and the script, he agreed to write new songs for the pic.^[63] Leonard Hirshan, a powerful amanuensis at William Morris, negotiated a deal that paid Simon $25,000 to submit three songs to Nichols and producer Lawrence Turman.^[70] When Nichols was not impressed by Simon'south songs "Punky'due south Dilemma" and "Overs", Simon and Garfunkel offered some other, incomplete song, which became "Mrs. Robinson"; Nichols loved it.^[70]

1967–1968: Studio time and low contour [edit]

Simon & Garfunkel's quaternary studio album, Bookends, was recorded in fits and starts from late 1966 to early 1968. Although the anthology had long been planned, piece of work did not begin in earnest until late 1967.^[71] The duo were signed under an older contract that specified the characterization pay for sessions,^[68] and Simon & Garfunkel took advantage of this, hiring viola and brass players and percussionists.^[72] The tape'due south brevity reflects its concise and perfectionist product; the team spent over fifty hours recording "Punky's Dilemma", for instance, and rerecorded vocal parts, sometimes notation by annotation, until they were satisfied.^[73] Garfunkel's songs and voice took a lead part on some of the songs, and the harmonies for which the duo was known gradually disappeared. For Simon, Bookends represented the end of the collaboration and became an early indicator of his intentions to go solo.^[74]

Prior to release, the band helped put together and performed at the Monterey Pop Festival, which signaled the outset of the Summer of Honey on the West Declension.^[75] "Fakin' It" was issued equally a unmarried that summertime and found only modest success on AM radio; the duo were much more focused on the rising FM format, which played album tracks and treated their music with respect.^[76] In January 1968, the duo appeared on a Kraft Music Hall special, Three for Tonight, performing ten songs, largely taken from their previous album.^[77] Bookends was released by Columbia Records in Apr 1968, 24 hours before the bump-off of Martin Luther Male monarch Jr., which spurred nationwide outrage and riots.^[78] The album debuted on the Billboard Top LPs in the event dated April 27, 1968, climbing to number ane and staying at that position for seven not-consecutive weeks; it remained on the chart as a whole for 66 weeks.^[75] Bookends received such heavy orders weeks in advance of its release that Columbia was able to use for honor certification earlier copies left the warehouse, a fact it touted in magazine ads. The album became the duo'southward bestselling to engagement, helped by the attention for the Graduate soundtrack 10 weeks earlier, creating an initial combined sales figure of over five million units.^[79]

Davis had predicted this, and suggested raising the list price of Bookends by ane dollar to $5.79, above the then standard retail price, to compensate for a large affiche included in vinyl copies.^{[79] [80]} Simon scoffed and viewed information technology as charging a premium on "what was sure to be that year's acknowledged Columbia album". According to biographer Marc Eliot, Davis was "offended past what he perceived as their lack of gratitude for what he believed was his role in turning them into superstars".^[79] Rather than implement Davis' plan, Simon & Garfunkel signed a contract extension with Columbia that guaranteed them a higher royalty rate.^[79] At the 1969 Grammy Awards, the lead unmarried "Mrs. Robinson" became the first rock and roll vocal to receive Record of the Year, and too won Best Gimmicky Pop Performance by a Duo or Group.^[81]

1969–1970: Growing apart and last album [edit]

Bookends, alongside the Graduate soundtrack, made Simon & Garfunkel the biggest rock duo in the world.^[79] Simon was approached by producers to write music for films or license songs; he turned down Franco Zeffirelli, who was preparing to film Brother Sun, Sis Moon, and John Schlesinger, who was preparing to film Midnight Cowboy.^[79] In addition to Hollywood proposals, Simon declined a asking by producers from the Broadway show Jimmy Shine (starring Simon's friend Dustin Hoffman, also the lead in Midnight Cowboy).^[82] He collaborated briefly with Leonard Bernstein on a sacred mass before withdrawing from the projection due to "finding it perchance too far afield from his condolement zone".^[82]

Garfunkel began interim, and played Helm Nately in the Nichols picture show Catch-22 (1970). Simon was to play the character of Dunbar, only screenwriter Buck Henry felt the film was already crowded with characters and wrote Simon's part out.^{[83] [84]} Filming began in January 1969 and lasted about 8 months, longer than expected.^{[85] [86]} The production endangered the duo's relationship;^[84] Simon had completed no new songs, and the duo planned to collaborate subsequently filming ended.^[84] Following the end of filming in October, the outset functioning of what was planned to be their last tour took identify in Ames, Iowa.^[87] The U.s. leg of the tour ended in the sold-out Carnegie Hall on November 27.^{[88] [89]} Meanwhile, the duo, working with director Charles Grodin, produced an hourlong CBS special, Songs of America, a mixture of scenes featuring notable political events and leaders concerning the US, such as the Vietnam State of war, Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy's funeral procession, Cesar Chavez and the Poor People'southward March. Information technology was broadcast only once, due to tension at the network regarding its content.^{[ninety] [91]} It was reported that "i million viewers responded past turning the dial and watching the figure skating on NBC instead."^[92]

Bridge over Troubled H2o, Simon & Garfunkel's final studio anthology, was released in January 1970 and charted in over 11 countries, topping the charts in 10, including the Billboard Summit LP'due south chart in the US and the UK Albums Chart.^{[93] [94]} Information technology was the all-time-selling album in 1970, 1971 and 1972 and was at that time the best-selling album of all time.^[95] It was also CBS Records' best-selling album earlier the release of Michael Jackson'southward Thriller in 1982.^[96] The anthology topped the Billboard charts for ten weeks and stayed in the charts for 85 weeks.^[95] In the Great britain, the album topped the charts for 35 weeks, and spent 285 weeks in the top 100, from 1970 to 1975.^[95] It has since sold over 25 million copies worldwide.^{[97] [98]} "Span over Troubled H2o", the lead single, reached number one in five countries and became the duo's biggest seller.^[15] The song has been covered by over fifty artists,^[99] including Elvis Presley, Johnny Greenbacks, Aretha Franklin, Jim Nabors, Charlotte Church building, Maynard Ferguson, Willie Nelson, Roy Orbison, Michael W. Smith, Josh Groban, and The Mormon Tabernacle Choir.^[100] "Cecilia", the follow-upwardly, reached number four in the US, and "El Condor Pasa" hitting number 18.^[xv] A brief British bout followed the album release, and the duo's last concert as Simon & Garfunkel took place at Forest Hills Stadium.^[101] In 1971, the anthology won six awards at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards, including Album of the Yr.^[102]

1971–1990: Breakdown, rifts, and reunions [edit]

The recording of Bridge over Troubled Water was difficult, and Simon and Garfunkel's human relationship had deteriorated. "At that indicate, I just wanted out," Simon afterwards said.^[103] At the urging of his wife, Peggy Harper, Simon chosen Davis to ostend the duo's breakup.^[104] For the next several years, they spoke only two or iii times a year.^[105]

In the 1970s, the duo reunited several times. Their first reunion was Together for McGovern, a do good concert for presidential candidate George McGovern at New York'south Madison Square Garden in June 1972.^[fifteen] In 1975, they reconciled when they visited a recording session with John Lennon and Harry Nilsson.^[106] For the rest of the yr, they attempted to make the reunion work, simply their collaboration merely yielded one song, "My Little Town", that was featured on Simon'due south Notwithstanding Crazy Later All These Years and Garfunkel's Breakaway, both released in 1975.^[106] The vocal peaked at number nine on the Hot 100. In 1975, Garfunkel joined Simon for a medley of iii songs on Sabbatum Night Live, guest-hosted by Simon.^[107] In 1977, Garfunkel joined Simon for a cursory functioning of their erstwhile songs on The Paul Simon Special, and later on that yr they recorded a embrace of Sam Cooke's "(What a) Wonderful Earth" with James Taylor.^[15] Old tensions appeared to dissipate upon Garfunkel's return to New York in 1978, when the duo began interacting more oftentimes.^[105] On May one, 1978, Simon joined Garfunkel for a concert held at Carnegie Hall to benefit the hearing disabled.^[108]

The group performing in the Netherlands in 1982

By 1980, the duo's solo careers were not doing well.^[105] To help alleviate New York's economical decline, concert promoter Ron Delsener suggested a gratis concert in Central Park.^[109] Delsener contacted Simon with the idea of a Simon & Garfunkel reunion, and once Garfunkel had agreed, plans were fabricated.^[110] The concert, held on September nineteen, 1981, attracted more than 500,000 people, at that time the largest ever concert attendance.^[15] Warner Bros. Records released a live album of the prove, The Concert in Central Park, which went double platinum in the US.^[fifteen] A ninety-minute recording of the concert was sold to Abode Box Office (HBO) for over $one million.^[111] The concert created a renewed interest in Simon & Garfunkel's work.^[112] They had several "heart-to-center talks", attempting to put their disagreements behind them.^[105] The duo undertook a globe bout offset in May 1982, only their human relationship grew contentious; for the majority of the bout, they did not speak to ane another.^[113]

Warner Bros. pushed for the duo to extend the tour and release a new studio album.^[113] Simon had new material set, and, according to Simon, "Artie fabricated a persuasive case that he could make it into a natural duo record."^[114] However, the duo quarrelled over again; Garfunkel refused to learn the songs in the studio and would not surrender his longstanding cannabis and cigarette habits, despite Simon'due south requests.^[115] Instead, the material became Simon's 1983 album Hearts and Basic.^[xv] A spokesperson said: "Paul only felt the material he wrote is then close to his own life that it had to be his ain record. Fine art was hoping to be on the anthology, simply I'm sure there will be other projects that they will piece of work on together."^[115] Another rift opened when the lengthy recording of Simon's 1986 album Graceland prevented Garfunkel from working with engineer Roy Halee on his Christmas anthology The Animals' Christmas (1985).^[116] In 1986, Simon said he and Garfunkel remained friends and got on well, "like when we were 10 years old", when they were non working together.^[114]

1990–2018: Awards and final tour [edit]

In 1990, Simon and Garfunkel were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Garfunkel thanked Simon, calling him "the person who virtually enriched my life past putting those songs through me"; Simon responded, "Arthur and I agree most well-nigh nothing. Simply it's true, I have enriched his life quite a flake." After performing 3 songs, the duo left without speaking. In August 1991, Simon staged his own concert in Central Park, released as a live album, Paul Simon'due south Concert in the Park, a few months later. He declined an offer from Garfunkel to perform with him at the park.^[117]

"We are indescribable. You'll never capture it. It's an ingrown, deep friendship. Yes, there is deep dear in there. But there'south also shit."

– Garfunkel describing his decades-long relationship with Simon^[118]

By 1993, the relationship had thawed, and Simon invited Garfunkel on an international tour.^[119] Following a sold-out 21-engagement run at the Paramount Theater in New York and an appearance at that yr'due south Bridge Schoolhouse Benefit in California, they toured the Far East.^[15] They became acrimonious again for the balance of the decade.^[15] Simon thanked Garfunkel at his 2001 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame equally a solo artist: "I regret the ending of our friendship. I hope that some day before we die we will make peace with each other," adding after a intermission, "No rush."^[15]

In 2003, Simon and Garfunkel received a Lifetime Achievement Laurels at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards, for which the promoters convinced them to open with a performance of "The Audio of Silence". The performance was satisfying for both, and they planned a full-scale reunion tour. The Former Friends tour began in October 2003 and played to sold-out audiences across the The states for 40 dates until mid-December,^[120] earning an estimated $123 meg.^[121] A second US leg commenced in June 2004, consisting of 20 cities. Following a 12-city run in Europe in 2004, they ended their nine-month tour with a gratuitous concert along Via dei Fori Imperiali, in front end of the Colosseum in Rome, on July 31, 2004. Information technology attracted 600,000 fans, more their Concert in Cardinal Park. In 2005, Simon and Garfunkel performed three songs for a Hurricane Katrina do good concert in Madison Square Garden, including a performance with singer Aaron Neville.^[122]

The duo at the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival^[118]

In Feb 2009, Simon and Garfunkel reunited for 3 songs during Simon's two-night engagement at New York's Beacon Theatre. This led to a reunion tour of Asia and Commonwealth of australia in June and July 2009.^[121] On Oct 29, 2009, they performed five songs at the 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert at Madison Square Garden. In Jan 2010, Garfunkel developed vocal bug following harm to his vocal cords as the result of an incident in which he had briefly choked on a slice of lobster.^[123] Their headlining set several months afterward at the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival was difficult for Garfunkel. "I was terrible, and crazy nervous. I leaned on Paul Simon and the affection of the crowd," he told Rolling Stone several years later.^[118] Garfunkel was diagnosed with vocal string paresis, and the remaining tour dates were cancelled. However, the ii reunited two months after to perform "Mrs. Robinson" at an American Picture show Institute Life Achievement Award tribute to director Mike Nichols, in what Rolling Stone suggested might have been their last performance together.^[123] Garfunkel's manager, John Scher, informed Simon'south camp that Garfunkel would be ready within a year, which did not happen, damaging relations betwixt the 2. Simon continued to publicly wish Garfunkel better health and praised his "angelic" voice. Garfunkel regained his vocal strength over the course of the side by side 4 years, performing shows in a Harlem theater and to secret audiences.^[118]

In 2014, Garfunkel told Rolling Stone that he believed he and Simon would tour again, but said: "I know that audiences all over the world like Simon and Garfunkel. I'm with them. Simply I don't think Paul Simon's with them."^[118] In a 2015 interview with The Daily Telegraph, Garfunkel said: "How can y'all walk away from this lucky place on meridian of the earth, Paul? What'due south going on with y'all, you idiot? How could y'all permit that become, jerk?"^[124] Asked about a reunion in 2016, Simon said: "Quite honestly, we don't get along. So information technology's not like it's fun. If information technology was fun, I'd say, OK, sometimes we'll go out and sing old songs in harmony. That'due south absurd. But when it'due south not fun, yous know, and you're going to be in a tense situation, well, then I accept a lot of musical areas that I like to play in. So that'll never happen again. That's that."^[125] In Feb 2018, Simon announced his retirement from touring.^[126]

Musical style and legacy [edit]

Over the class of their career, Simon & Garfunkel's music gradually moved from a bones folk rock sound to comprise more experimental elements for the time, including Latin and gospel music.^[i] Their music, according to Rolling Stone, struck a chord among lonely, alienated young adults near the end of the decade.^[127]

Simon & Garfunkel received criticism at the height of their success. In 1968, Rolling Stone critic Arthur Schmidt described their music every bit "questionable ... information technology exudes a sense of procedure, and it is slick, and aught too much happens."^[128] New York Times critic Robert Shelton said that the duo had "a kind of Mickey Mouse, timid, contrived" approach.^[129] According to Richie Unterberger of AllMusic, their clean sound and muted lyricism "cost them some hipness points during the psychedelic era ... the pair inhabited the more than polished cease of the folk-stone spectrum and was sometimes criticized for a certain collegiate sterility."^[i] He noted that some critics regard Simon's later solo work equally superior to Simon & Garfunkel.^[ane]

According to Pitchfork, though Simon & Garfunkel were a highly regarded folk deed "distinguished past their intuitive harmonies and Paul Simon'southward articulate songwriting", they were more bourgeois than the folk music revivalists of Greenwich Village.^[130] By the late 1960s, they had get the "folk establishment ... primarily unthreatening and accessible, which xl years afterward makes them an ideal gateway human activity to the weirder, harsher, more than circuitous folkies of the 60s counterculture".^[131] Even so, their later albums explored more than ambitious production techniques and incorporated elements of gospel, stone, R&B, and classical, revealing a "voracious musical vocabulary".^[130]

In 2003, Rolling Stone 'southward 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list included Span over Troubled Water at number 51,^[132] Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme at number 201,^[133] Bookends at number 233,^[134] and Greatest Hits at number 293.^[135] And in 2004, on their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time listing, Rolling Rock included "Span Over Troubled Water" at number 47, "The Boxer" at number 105, and "The Sound of Silence" at number 156.^[136]

Awards [edit]

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are held annually by the National University of Recording Arts and Sciences. Simon & Garfunkel accept won 9 full competitive awards, four Hall of Fame awards, and a Lifetime Accomplishment Award.^[102]

Other recognition

• Awit Awards (1969) – Unmarried of the Twelvemonth Foreign Partition (for "The Sound of Silence")
• Awit Awards (1969) – Album of the Year Foreign Division (for The Graduate)
• Brit Awards (1977) – International Album (for Bridge over Troubled H2o)
• Rock and Scroll Hall of Fame (1990) – Inductee
• Vocal Group Hall of Fame (2006) – Inductee

Discography [edit]

Studio albums [edit]

• Wednesday Morning, iii A.One thousand. (1964)
• Sounds of Silence (1966)
• Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966)
• Bookends (1968)
• Span over Troubled Water (1970)

Live albums [edit]

• The Concert in Fundamental Park (1982)
• Live from New York Metropolis, 1967 (2002)
• Old Friends: Live on Stage (2004)
• Live 1969 (2008)

Soundtracks [edit]

• The Graduate (1968, with Dave Grusin)

Compilation albums [edit]

• Simon and Garfunkel'south Greatest Hits (1972)
• The Simon and Garfunkel Collection: 17 of Their All-Time Greatest Recordings (1981)
• Tales from New York: The Very Best of Simon & Garfunkel (2000)
• The Essential Simon and Garfunkel (2003)

Box sets [edit]

• Collected Works (1981)
• Old Friends (1997)
• The Columbia Studio Recordings (1964–1970) (2001)
• The Collection: Simon & Garfunkel (2007)
• Simon & Garfunkel: The Complete Albums Collection (2014)

References [edit]

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75. ^ ^{a b} Bookends (2001 Remaster) (liner notes). Simon & Garfunkel. US: Columbia Records. 2001. CK 66003. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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Bibliography [edit]

• Bennighof, James (2007). The Words and Music of Paul Simon. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN978-0-275-99163-0.
• Browne, David (2012). Burn down and Rain: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Lost Story Of 1970 . Da Capo Press. ISBN978-0-306-82072-four.
• Charlesworth, Chris (1997). "Span Over Troubled Water". The Complete Guide to the Music of Paul Simon and Simon & Garfunkel. Omnibus Press. ISBN978-0-7119-5597-iv.
• Ebel, Roswitha (2004). Paul Simon: seine Musik, sein Leben [Paul Simon: His Music, His Life] (in German). epubli. ISBN978-3-937729-00-8.
• Eliot, Marc (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley and Sons. ISBN978-0-470-43363-8.
• Fornatale, Pete (2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. ISBN978-ane-59486-427-8.
• Humphries, Patrick (1982). Bookends: The Simon and Garfunkel Story. Proteus Books. ISBN978-0-86276-063-2.
• Kingston, Victoria (2000). Simon & Garfunkel: The Biography. Fromm International. ISBN978-0-88064-246-0.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Simon & Garfunkel interviewed on the Popular Chronicles (1969)
• Simon & Garfunkel discography at Discogs

pikegrou1939.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_&_Garfunkel

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